Gastrointestinal questions
9 questions. Choose an answer to see the rationale.
Acid reducers (PPIs and H2 blockers)
Which suffix identifies a proton pump inhibitor?
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Answer C: -prazole Proton pump inhibitors end in -prazole (omeprazole, pantoprazole). H2 blockers end in -tidine.
Acid reducers (PPIs and H2 blockers)
Which risk is associated with long-term PPI therapy?
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Answer C: C. difficile infection and bone fractures Prolonged acid suppression is linked to C. difficile, fractures, low magnesium and low vitamin B12.
Acid reducers (PPIs and H2 blockers)
An older adult receiving IV famotidine becomes confused. What should the nurse consider?
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Answer D: H2 blockers can cause confusion, especially in older adults or kidney impairment H2 blockers can accumulate and cause CNS effects in older adults and in kidney impairment.
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Which antiemetic carries a boxed warning for tardive dyskinesia?
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Answer A: Metoclopramide Metoclopramide can cause tardive dyskinesia; treatment beyond 12 weeks should be avoided.
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What is the preferred parenteral route for promethazine?
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Answer A: Deep intramuscular Deep IM is preferred. Subcutaneous and intra-arterial injection are contraindicated because of severe tissue injury.
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A patient receiving ondansetron has a low potassium level. Why is this a concern?
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Answer B: It increases the risk of QT prolongation Hypokalemia increases the risk of QT prolongation and torsades de pointes with ondansetron.
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What is the expected outcome of lactulose therapy for hepatic encephalopathy?
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Answer D: 2 to 3 soft stools a day and improved mental status Lactulose is titrated to 2 to 3 soft stools daily, which removes ammonia and improves mental status.
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Which instruction is essential when taking psyllium?
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Answer D: Mix it with a full glass of water and drink right away Without enough fluid, bulk-forming laxatives can swell and cause choking or obstruction.
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Before giving a laxative, which finding would cause the nurse to hold it and notify the provider?
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Answer C: Absent bowel sounds with abdominal distension and vomiting These findings suggest bowel obstruction, in which laxatives are contraindicated.