- Class
- Antivirals
- Body system
- Anti-infectives
- Brand names
- Zovirax, Sitavig
What is Acyclovir used for?
- Herpes simplex (genital, oral, encephalitis)
- Varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles)
How Acyclovir works
Nucleoside analog: blocks viral DNA synthesis in infected cells.
Common side effects
- Nausea and diarrhea
- Headache
- Phlebitis at the IV site
- Acute kidney injury with IV use
Report right away
- Decreased urine output
- Confusion, tremor or hallucinations
Nursing considerations for Acyclovir
- IV: infuse over at least 1 hour and keep the patient well hydrated to prevent crystals in the kidney tubules; monitor BUN and creatinine.
- Dose is adjusted for kidney function.
Patient teaching
- It does not cure herpes; it shortens outbreaks and reduces symptoms. Start at the first sign of an outbreak.
- Avoid sexual contact when lesions are present; the virus can spread even without symptoms.
- Drink plenty of fluids.
This card does not list doses. Use the prescriber's order, the product label and a current drug reference for dosing, and follow your facility's policies.
Antivirals practice questions
NCLEX-style questions on the class Acyclovir belongs to.
3 questions. Choose an answer to see the rationale.
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Which nursing action helps prevent kidney injury during IV acyclovir therapy?
Show answer
Answer B: Ensure adequate hydration and infuse slowly Acyclovir can crystallize in the renal tubules; hydration and slow infusion reduce the risk.
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A patient with genital herpes asks if acyclovir will cure it. What is the correct response?
Show answer
Answer A: No, it shortens and lessens outbreaks but does not eliminate the virus Herpes viruses remain latent; antivirals suppress replication but do not cure.
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When is oseltamivir most effective?
Show answer
Answer A: Started within 48 hours of flu symptoms Neuraminidase inhibitors work best when started within 48 hours of symptom onset.
Frequently asked questions
What is Acyclovir used for?
Herpes simplex (genital, oral, encephalitis); Varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles).
What drug class is Acyclovir?
Acyclovir belongs to the class antivirals. Nucleoside analog: blocks viral DNA synthesis in infected cells.
What are the nursing considerations for Acyclovir?
IV: infuse over at least 1 hour and keep the patient well hydrated to prevent crystals in the kidney tubules; monitor BUN and creatinine. Dose is adjusted for kidney function.
What should patients report while taking Acyclovir?
decreased urine output; confusion, tremor or hallucinations.